REFERENCES

1. Adam JM, Bennett DJ, Bom A, et al. Cyclodextrin-derived host molecules as reversal agents for the
neuromuscular blocker rocuronium bromide: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem. 2002;45:1806-1816.
2. Booij LHDJ. Neuromuscular transmission and its pharmacological blockade. Part 1: Neuromuscular transmission and general aspects of its blockade. Pharm World Sci. 1997;19:1-12.
3. Hirsch NP. Neuromuscular junction in health and disease. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99:132-138.
4. Fisher DM. Clinical pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking agents. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56(suppl 1):S4-S9.
5. Kervin MW. Residual neuromuscular blockade in the immediate postoperative period. J Perianesth Nurs. 2002;17:152-158.
6. Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Marymont JH, Franklin M, Avram MJ, Vender JS. Residual paralysis at the time of tracheal extubation. Anesth Analg. 2005;100:1840-1845.
7. Murphy GS. Residual neuromuscular blockade: incidence, assessment, and relevance in the postoperative period. Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72:97-109.
8. Murphy GS, Szokol JW. Monitoring neuromuscular blockade. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2004;42:25-40.
9. Kopman AF, Yee PS, Neuman GG. Relationship of the train-of-four fade ratio to clinical signs and symptoms of residual paralysis in awake volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1997;86:765-771.
10. Naguib M, Kopman AF, Ensor JE. Neuromuscular monitoring and postoperative residual curarization: a meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2007;98:302-316.
11. Eikermann M, Gerwig M, Hasselmann C, Fiedler G, Peters J. Impaired neuromuscular transmission after recovery of the train-of-four ratio. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51:226-234. 12. Berg H, Roed J, Viby-Mogensen J, et al. Residual neuromuscular block is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications. A prospective, randomised, and blinded study of postoperative pulmonary complications after atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41:1095-1103.
13. Bissinger U, Schimek F, Lenz G. Postoperative residual paralysis and respiratory status: a comparative study of pancuronium and vecuronium. Physiol Res. 2000;49:455-462.
14. Debaene B, Plaud B, Dilly MP, Donati F. Residual paralysis in the PACU after a single intubating dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with an intermediate duration of action. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1042-1048.
15. Hayes AH, Mirakhur RK, Breslin DS, Reid JE, McCourt KC. Postoperative residual block after intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking drugs. Anaesthesia. 2001;56:312-318. 16. McCaul C, Tobin E, Boylan JF, McShane AJ. Atracurium is associated with postoperative residual curarization. Br J Anaesth. 2002;89:766-769.
17. Maybauer DM, Geldner G, Blobner M, et al. Incidence and duration of residual paralysis at the end of surgery after multiple administrations of cisatracurium and rocuronium. Anaesthesia. 2007;62:12-17.
18. Cammu G, de Witte J, de Veylder J, et al. Postoperative residual paralysis in outpatients versus inpatients. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:426-429.
19. Kim KS, Lew SH, Cho HY, Cheong MA. Residual paralysis induced by either vecuronium or rocuronium after reversal with pyridostigmine. Anesth Analg. 2002;95:1656-1660.
20. Gätke MR, Viby-Mogensen J, Rosenstock C, Jensen FS, Skovgaard LT.Postoperative muscle paralysis after rocuronium: less residual block when acceleromyography is used. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2002;46:207-213.
21. Viby-Mogensen J, Jensen NH, Engbaek J, Ording H, Skovgaard LT, Chraemmer-Jorgensen B. Tactile and visual evaluation of the response to train-of-four nerve stimulation. Anesthesiology. 1985;63:440-443.
22. D’Honneur G, Lofaso F, Drummond GB, et al. Susceptibility to upper airway obstruction during partial neuromuscular block. Anesthesiology. 1998;88:371-378.
23. Kopman AF, Kopman DJ, Ng J, Zank LM. Antagonism of profound cisatracurium and rocuronium block: the role of objective assessment of neuromuscular function. J Clin Anesth. 2005;17:30-35.
24. Viby-Mogensen J. Postoperative residual curarization and evidence-based anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84:301-303.
25. Eriksson LI. The effects of residual neuromuscular blockade and volatile anesthetics on the control of ventilation. Anesth Analg. 1999;89:243-251.
26. Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Franklin M, Marymont JH, Avram MJ, Vender JS. Postanesthesia care unit recovery times and neuromuscular blocking drugs: a prospective study of orthopedic surgical patients randomized to receive pancuronium or rocuronium. Anesth Analg. 2004;98:193-200.
27. Sundman E, Witt H, Olsson R, Ekberg O, Kuylenstierna R, Eriksson LI. The incidence and mechanisms of pharyngeal and upper esophageal dysfunction in partially paralyzed humans: pharyngeal videoradiography and simultaneous manometry after atracurium. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:977-984.
28. Eikermann M, Blobner M, Groeben H, et al. Postoperative upper airway obstruction after recovery of the train of four ratio of the adductor pollicis muscle from neuromuscular blockade. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:937-942.
29. Lee PJ, MacLennan A, Naughton NN, O’Reilly M. An analysis of reintubations from a quality assurance database of 152,000 cases. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15:575-581.
30. Groudine SB, Soto R, Lien C, Drover D, Roberts K. A randomized, dose-finding, phase II study of the selective relaxant binding drug, Sugammadex, capable of safely reversing profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:555-562.
31. Caldwell JE. Reversal of residual neuromuscular block with neostigmine at one to four hours after a single intubating dose of vecuronium. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:1168-1174.
32. Tramer MR, Fuchs-Buder T. Omitting antagonism of neuromuscular block: effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting and risk of residual paralysis. A systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 1999;82:379-386.
33. Bom A, Epemolu O, Hope F, Rutherford S, Thomson K. Selective relaxant binding agents for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007;7:298-302.
34. Zhang M-Q. Drug-specific cyclodextrins: the future of rapid neuromuscular block reversal? Drug Future. 2003;28:347-354. 35. Investigators Brochure on Sugammadex. Breedveld B, Zwiers A. Edition number 10. June 2007.
36. Cameron KS, Clark JK, Cooper A, et al. Modified gamma-cyclodextrins and their rocuronium complexes. Organic Letters. 2002;4:3403-3406.
37. Davis ME, Brewster ME. Cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutics: past, present and future. Nature Rev Drug Disc. 2004;3:1023-1035.
38. Munro IC, Newberne PM, Young VR, Bar A. Safety assessment of gamma-cyclodextrin. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004;39(suppl 1):S3-13.
39. Epemolu O, Bom A, Hope F, Mason R. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade and simultaneous increase in plasma rocuronium concentration after the intravenous infusion of the novel reversal agent Org 25969.
Anesthesiology. 2003;99:632-637.
40. Bom A, Bradley M, Cameron K, et al. A novel concept of reversing neuromuscular block: chemical encapsulation of rocuronium bromide by a cyclodextrin-based synthetic host. Angewandte Chemie (Internationaled in English). 2002;41:266-270.
41. Bom AH, van Egmond J, Hope F, van de Pol F. Rapid reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block by Org 25969 is independent of renal perfusion [abstract]. J Am Soc Anesthesiol. 2003. Abstract A-1158.
42. Sugammadex Summary of Product Characteristics. (Annex I). N.V. Organon, Kloosterstraat 6, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands. August 2008.
43. Shields M, Giovannelli M, Mirakhur RK, Moppett I, Adams J, Hermens Y. Org 25969 (sugammadex), a selective relaxant binding agent for antagonism of prolonged rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96:36-43.
44. Sorgenfrei IF, Norrild K, Larsen PB, et al. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block by the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex: a dose-finding and safety study. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:667-674.
45. Vanacker BF, Vermeyen KM, Struys MM, et al. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with the novel drug sugammadex is equally effective under maintenance anesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:563-568.
46. Clinical Trial Report 302 on Protocol 19.4.302. Morte J, Jr., Chen J-Y, Cologer-Clifford A. A multicenter, randomized, parallel group, comparative, active controlled, safety-assessor blinded, phase IIIa, pivotal trial, in adult subjects comparing Org 25969 with neostigmine as a reversal agent of a neuromuscular block induced by maintenance dosing of rocuronium or vecuronium. April 2007.
47. Houwing NS, Smeets JMW, Hermens Y. Summary of Clinical Pharmacology Trials. August 2007.
48. Gijsenbergh F, Ramael S, Houwing N, van Iersel T. First human exposure of Org 25969, a novel agent to reverse the action of rocuronium bromide. Anesthesiology. 2005;103:695-703.
49. Clinical Trial Report 301 on Protocol 19.4.301. Prins M, Jr., Reitbergen H, Dirkx A. A multicenter, randomized,
parallel group, comparative, active controlled, safety-assessor blinded, phase IIIa, pivotal trial, in adult subjects comparing Org 25969 with neostigmine as a reversal agent of a neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium or vecuronium at reappearance of T2. January 2007.
50. Hermens Y, Rietbergen H. Summary of Clinical Efficacy. October 2007.
51. Clinical Trial Report on Protocol 19.4.303. Morte J, Kroon R, Cologer-Clifford A. A multicenter, randomized, parallel group, comparative, active controlled, safety-assessor blinded, phase IIIa trial in adult subjects comparing recovery from 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium followed by 16 mg/kg Org 25969 at 3 minutes with recovery from 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine. March 2007.
52. Clinical Trial Report on Protocol 19.4.306: Hermens Y, Braat S, Smeets JMW, Aarts SEM. A multi-center, randomized, parallel dose-finding, safety-assessor blinded trial to explore the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of four doses of Org 25969 and placebo in pediatric and adult subjects. November 2006.
53. Berner C. Integrated Summary of Safety. September 2007.
71. Booij LHDJ, Crul JF , A comparison of vecuronium with the hypothetical ideal neuromuscular blocking drug , In: Agoston S, Bowman WC, Miller RD, Viby-Mogensen J , Clinical experiences with Norcuron (Org NC 45, vecuronium bromide). Symposium; 1983 Apr 21-22; Geneva , Amsterdam , Excerpta Medica , 1983 , 3 - 8 (Current Clinical Practice Series; vol 11.) 72. Agoston S , Muscle relaxants , In: Dukes MNG , Meyler's side effects of drugs; an encylopedia of adverse reactions and interactions , Amsterdam , Elsevier , 1976 , 262 - 303
73. Barash PG et al. , Muscle relaxants , In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK , Handbook of clinical anaesthesia , Philadelphia , Lippincott-Raven , 1992 , 186 - 202
74. Baird WLM Savage DS , Vecuronium; the first years , Clin Anaesthesiol , 1985 , 3 , 347 - 60
75. Booth, MG Marsh, B Bryden, FMM Robertson, EN Baird, WLM , A comparison of the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium and vecuronium during halothane anaesthesia ` , Anaesthesia , 1992 , 47 , 832 - 4
76. Hans, P Franzen, A Falieres, X Brichant, JF , Onset and recovery of neuromuscular block in adults: a comparison between atracurium and rocuronium , Br J Anaesth , 74 Suppl. 1 , 1995 , 87
77. Hans, P Brichant, JF Franzen, A Faleres, X Lamy, M , Comparison of neuromuscular block of atracurium and rocuronium in adults , Acta Anaesthesiol Belg , 1996 , 47 , 53 - 8
78. Naguib, M Samarkandi, AH Bakhamees, HS Magboul, MA El-Bakry, AK , Histamine-release haemodynamic changes produced by rocuronium, vecuronium, mivacurium, atracurium and tubocurarine , Br J Anaesth , Erratum: Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 339. , 1995 , 75 , 588 - 95
79. Wierda, JMKH Hommes. FDM Nap, HJA Van den Broek, L , Time course of action and intubating conditions following vecuronium, rocuronium and mivacurium , Anaesthesia , 1995 , 50 , 393 - 6
80. Bridion® (sugammadex) [Summary of Product Characteristics]. N.V. Organon, Kloosterstraat 6, 5349 Ab Oss, The Netherlands; August 2008.
81. Fuchs-Buder T, Claudius C, Skovgaard LT, Eriksson LI, Mirakhur RK, Viby-Mogensen J. Good clinical research practice in pharmacodynamic studies of neuromuscular blocking agents II: the Stockholm revision. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51:789-808.
82. Vanacker BF, Vermeyen KM, Struys MM et al. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with the novel drug sugammadex is equally effective under maintenance anesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:563-568.
83. Data on fi le, Schering Corporation.
84. Bom A, Bradley M, Cameron K, et al. A novel concept of reversing neuromuscular block: chemical encapsulation of rocuronium bromide by cyclodextrin-based synthetic host. 2002;114(2):275-280.
85. Naguib M. Sugammadex: another milestone in clinical neuromuscular pharmacology. 2007;104(3):575-581.
86. Miller RD, Fleisher LA, Johns RA, Savarese JJ, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2005.
87. Magorian T, Flannery KB, Miller RD. Comparison of rocuronium, succinylcholine, and vecuronium for rapid-sequence
88. McCourt KC, Salmela L, Mirakhur RK, et al. Comparison of rocuronium and suxamethonium for use during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. 1998;53(9):867-871.
89. Perry J, Lee J, Wells G. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.
90. Andrews JI, Kumar N, van den Brom HG, Olkkola KT, Roest GJ, Wright PMC. A large simple randomized trial of rocuronium versus succinylcholine in rapid-sequence induction of anaesthesia along with propofol. 1999;43(1):4-8.